Turmeric (Curcuma longa) – Overview & Description
Description:
Turmeric is the dried root of Curcuma longa, a perennial plant from the ginger family. It has a deep golden-yellow color and a warm, bitter flavor. It is widely used for culinary, medicinal, and dyeing purposes.
- Scientific Name: Curcuma longa
- Family: Zingiberaceae
- Origin: Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia
- Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial
- Plant Height: 1–1.5 meters
- Rhizome Characteristics: Bright yellow-orange interior, rough brown skin
- Essential Compounds: Curcumin (primary bioactive compound)
- Soil & Climate: Well-drained, fertile soil with warm and humid climate
Key Characteristics:
- Color: Bright golden-yellow
- Form: Rhizome (fresh or dried), ground powder
- Flavor: Warm, bitter, earthy
- Aroma: Distinct, pungent, slightly musky
Common Uses:
- Culinary: Curries, spice blends, pickles, sauces
- Medicinal: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, digestive aid
- Dyeing: Used as natural textile and food dye
Health Benefits:
- Reduces inflammation and joint pain
- Boosts immunity and improves digestion
- May support heart and brain health
- Rich in antioxidants like curcumin